What is the function of the nail matrix?

The nail matrix is a critical part of the nail structure located beneath the base of the nail. Its primary function is to produce new nail cells. These cells are generated in the matrix and subsequently harden and form the nail plate as they move outward toward the fingertip. The growth of the nail, in terms of both length and health, is directly influenced by the activity within the nail matrix. Unlike other functions suggested, such as protection, enhancing appearance, or providing moisture, the production of new cells is a fundamental biological process that defines how the nail grows and regenerates. This process ensures that the nail remains intact and continues to grow over time, reflecting the health of the underlying tissues.